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Les bases du Français
The basics of French
Learn the basics of French here!
Learning a new language on the internet can be pretty intimidating and challenging. We cover many topics to learn step-by-step such as commonly used words, nouns, verbs etc. Look no more and begin your French learning journey here.
Commonly used words in Conversations
Hello(Formal) – Bounjour ( Pronounced as: Bon-joo)
Thank you – Merci (Mar-see)
Please – S’il vous plait (sil-voo-plae)
Goodbye – Au revoir
Ma’am – Madame
Sir – Monseur
Hello(Informal) – Salut (Pronounced as Sal-you)
Yes – Oui
No – Non
When – Quand
Where – Ou
What – Que
Why – Pourqui
Who – Qui
How – Comment
How many/ much – Combien
This – Ce
These – Ces
That – Cette
Those – Cettes
Here is – Voici
There is – VoilaCommonly used words in conversations Part II
Okay – Ca va
Yesterday – Hier
Today – Aujourd ‘hui
Tomorrow – Demain
Morning – Le matin
Noon – Midi
Afternoon – Après midi
Evening – Le soir
Night – Nuit
Midnight – Minuit
Before – Avant
After – AprèsNumbers
One – Un
Two – Deux
Three – Trois
Four – Quatre
Five – Cinq
Six – Six
Seven – Sept
Eight – Huit
Nine – Neuf
Ten – Dix
Eleven – Onze
Twelve – Douze
Thirteen – Treize
Fourteen – Quarante
Fifteen – Quinze
Sixteen – Seize
Seventeen – Dix-sept
Eighteen – Dix-huit
Nineteen – Dix-neuf
Twenty – VingtPronouns
I – Je
You – Tu (Informal), Vous (Formal, plural)
She – Elle
He – Il
We -Nous
They – Ills (male), Elles(Female)
It – IlNouns
Pen – Stylo
Pencil – Crayon
Book – Livre
School – école
Computer – Ordinateur
Clothes – Vetements
Dress – Robe
Pant – Haleter
Cake – Gateau
House – Maison
Pouch – Trousse
Table – Table
Wine – Vin
Blackboard – Tableau
Cheese – Fromage
Head – Tete
Hand – Main
Water – Eau
Earth – Terre
Dog – Chien
Ball – Ballon
Shoe – Chausseres
Time – TempsPrepositions
In – Dans
On – Sur
At – à
Before – Avant
After – Apres
Under – Sous
Over – Plus de
In between – Entre
Of – de
To – à
Behind – Derriere
In front of – Devant
Near – près
With – Avec
Without – SansVerbs
To be – etre
To have – avoir
To go – aller
To say/ tell – dire
To hear – entendre
To do / make – faire
To call – appeler
To be able to do – pouvoir
To know – savoir
To see – voir
To want – vouloir
To learn – apprendre
To eat – manger
To feel – Sentir
To taste – gouter
To touch – toucher
To take – prendre
To understand – compendre
To become – devenir
To come – venir
To try – essayer
To clean – Nettoyer
To pay – payer
To buy – acheter
To hope – espérer
To prefer – préférer
To repeat – répéterIn higher learning, you will learn how to conjugate these verbs, or change the form of verb according to the noun or pronoun. For example,
Faire(To do/ make):
Je fais
Tu fais
Il fait
Elle fait
Nous faisons
Vous faites
Ils font
Elles fontProfessions
Doctor – docteur
Teacher – professeur/professeure
Engineer – ingeneur
Mechanic – mécanicien
Government officer – agent du gouvernement
Cook – cuisinier
Butcher – Boucher
Baker – boulanger
Gardener – jardinier
Athlete – athlète
Accountant – comptable
Lawyer – avocat
Architect – architecte
Actor – acteurCommonly used expressions in conversations
Hurray – hourrah
Wow – sensationnelim
Oh – oh
Ouch – aie
Sorry – pardon
Thankyou – Merci
Please – S’il vous plaitCommonly used phrases in conversations
What is your name? – Comment tu t’appelle? (Informal)
Comment vous applez-vous? (Formal)My name is Pierre. – Je m’appelle Pierre.
Where are you going? – Où allez-vous?
It is half past three – Il est trois heures et demie.
It is ten minutes to six. – il est six heures moins dix.
My father’s name is Jon – Mon père s’appelle Jon.
My mother’s name is Catherine – Mon mere s’appelle Catherine.
I am sixteen years old – J’ai seize ans
My father is fourty-eight years old – Mon père a quarante-huit ans.
My favorite movie is the Titanic – Mon film préféré est la Titanic.
I am a doctor – Je suis médecin
What do you study – Qu’est-ce que tu étudies
What is your mother’s name? – quel est le nom de votre mère?
What is your father’s name? – quel est le nom de votre père?
My garden is beside my house – mon jardin est à côté de ma maison
My garden is behind my house – mon jardin est derrière ma maison
He is my son – Il est mon fils.
She is my cousin – Elle est ma cousine
Conjugating verbs
After you’ve perfected the basics listed above, it’s time to learn a little more. In the French language, to frame a sentence we take a subject and an action, and conjugate the verb or change its form to suit the subject. For example, in English, the verb ‘to be’ changes with the subject such as – He is, they are and so on. One has learn all the verb conjugation in order to perfect sentence framing.
There are two types of verbs – Regular and Irregular.
Conjugating regular verbs (-er verbs)
Conjugating regular verbs –
Recap:
Je – I
Tu – You
Il – He
Elle – She
Nous – We
Vous – You(Plural or for respect)
Ils – They(m)
Elles – They(f)First, we will learn regular verbs which further are of two groups, those who end with ‘er’ such as aller(To go), acheter(To buy) and those who end with ‘ir’ such as finir(To finish), sortir(To sort).
Verbs with end with -er are the most common verbs in french. To conjugate them, follow these steps:
1. Remove the -er
2. Replace them with e, es, e, e, ons, ez, ent, ent corresponding to je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils, elles.
3. You’re done!Examples –
Aimer(To like):
J’aime
Tu aimes
il/Elle aime
Nous aimons
Vous aimez
ils/Elles aimentAcheter(To buy):
j’achète
tu achètes
Il achète
Elle achète
Nous achètons
Vous achètez
Ils achètent
Elles achètentCAUTION!
The verb aller(To go) is conjugated differently, apart from the regular -er verbs.
je vais
tu vas
il/elle va
nous allons
vous allez
ils/elles vontPractice more verbs to perfect -er verbs, which make up about 80% of the verbs in French!
Conjugating regular verbs(-ir verbs)
-ir verbs are the second most commonly used verbs in French. Let us learn how to conjugate them along with some examples.
1. Remove the -ir.
2. Add -is, -is, -it, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent, -issent corresponding to je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous, ils and elles.
3. Not all verbs are conjugated as the following. Few verbs such as avoir, falloir, devoir.For example, the verb ‘choisir’, meaning to choose
Je choisis
Tu choisis
Il choisit
Elle choisit
Nous choisissons
Vous choisissez
Ils choisissent
Elles choisissentIrregular verbs
There is another group of verbs called irregular verbs.
Examples are – avoir(to have), etre(to be), faire(to do), aller(to go) etc.
The conjugation of these verbs doesn’t follow a specific pattern, and changes specific to the verb.